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Necrotizing fasciitis ( or ), also spelled necrotising fasciitis and abbreviated NF, commonly known as flesh-eating disease, flesh-eating bacteria or flesh-eating bacteria syndrome, is a rare infection of the deeper layers of skin and subcutaneous tissues, easily spreading across the fascial plane within the subcutaneous tissue. The most consistent feature of necrotizing fasciitis was first described in 1952 as necrosis of the subcutaneous tissue and fascia with relative sparing of the underlying muscle. Necrotizing fasciitis progresses rapidly, having greater risk of developing in the immunocompromised due to conditions such as diabetes or cancer. It is a severe disease of sudden onset and is usually treated immediately with surgical debridement and large doses of intravenous antibiotics, with delay in surgical treatment being associated with higher mortality. Many types of bacteria can cause necrotizing fasciitis (e.g., Group A streptococcus (''Streptococcus pyogenes''), ''Staphylococcus aureus'', ''Clostridium perfringens'', ''Bacteroides fragilis'', ''Vibrio vulnificus'', ''Aeromonas hydrophila''〔http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/n/a/2012/05/16/national/a145331D94.DTL&tsp=1 〕). The disease is classified as Type I (polymicrobial, due to a number of different organisms) or Type II (monomicrobial, due to a single infecting organism). The majority of cases of necrotizing fasciitis are polymicrobial, with 25–45% of cases being Type II. Such infections are more likely to occur in people with compromised immune systems secondary to chronic disease. Historically, most cases of Type II infections have been due to group A streptococcus and staphylococcal species. Since as early as 2001, a form of monomicrobial necrotizing fasciitis which is particularly difficult to treat has been observed with increasing frequency caused by methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus'' (MRSA). ==Possible sources== The majority of infections are caused by organisms that normally reside on the individual's skin. These skin flora exist as commensals and infections reflect their anatomical distribution (e.g. perineal infections being caused by anaerobes). Historically, foot binding in China also was a cause, most likely as animal blood and herbs were used to soak the binding cloths and feet at each binding session. Sources of MRSA may include eating undercooked contaminated meats, working at municipal waste water treatment plants, exposure to secondary waste water spray irrigation, consuming raw products produced from farm fields fertilized by human sewage sludge or septage, in hospital settings from people with weakened immune systems, or sharing/using dirty needles. The risk of infection during regional anesthesia is considered to be very low, though reported.〔Singh, Raj Kumar, and Gautam Dutta. "Fatal necrotising fasciitis after spinal anaesthesia." Journal of cutaneous and aesthetic surgery 6.3 (2013): 165.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Necrotizing fasciitis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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